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Burzahom is one of the most important neolithic site of anciant india. This site is situated in the vale of kashmir near jhelum river about 6 miles north-east of shrinagar. This site is divided in four phases and each period has a special quality. In burzahom we can find so many verities and development stages of ancient persons. They use to do paintings they use to do hunting and they know how to make pots and plates, they believed in the second life that’s why in the burials they buried their lovable animals and other ornaments and some other important things with them. Their burials are near their graves.
The first excavation was a trial excavation by yale- cambridge expendition,but serious excavation was done in the year of (1959) by Archeological Survey Of India. After exploration the archaeologists found many amazing facts about the site the radiocarbon dates indicates to be before 2920 b.c., the largest were presumably pit-dwellings, and post-holes around the perimeter probably indicate colonical roofs. From these pits they try to save themselves from the winter and other natural disasters
In cross-section these pits are narrow at the top, though they widen out towards the base . floors and the walls were occasionally mud-plastered. In the deeper pits steps were cut for parts of the depth, though ladders must also have been used. The largest of these pits measured 3.96m in depth and had a diameter at the base of 4.57 m while the mouth was only 2.74 m. there were ashes both in the pits and at ground level in the stone hearths near the entrance. The dwelling pits were thus the devices made by early Neolithic man to fight the seven winters of Kashmir .some of the chambers had stone hearths while the others had a clay hearth which clearly indicates human occupation. These chambers were used as a residential purpose
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| courtsy |
The people of burzahom used different type of tools and those tools were specially made of stone and bone in the excavation the archaeologists were found many different tools made of bone and stone the uses blades bows arrows spears and folks etc. by using the bones they made different type of needles .
. At burzahom archaeologists found a stone slab the size of the stone slab is rectangular and this slab is belonged to the second phase of Neolithic culture at the site (I.A.R. 1962-63) the slab bearing a hunting scene in the scene we can see there are two peoples who wants to kill an stag with bow and spear, in the picture we can see that the first hunter have already discharged the arrow from the front side and the second hunter who is the behind of the stag is carrying a long spear . On the top of the painting there are two suns shine in the sky. In the painting there is a dog on the corner from this painting we can say that the persons of meharghar take there dogs with them at hunting .
In burzahom there are so many animal burials. The animals represented in the burials are dog, wolf, and ibex. The most interesting amongst these was a burial showing skeletal remains belonging to five wild dogs and antlers horn. It shows that the pets were sacrificed and buried with human body.
The human burials are near graves with there pet animals in the burial they buried some more things with the human as ornaments , tools and some other things.
In burzahom peoples were uses different types of pots some are burnished ware pots and some are red ware pots . they makes so many designs and pictures on the pots. They know how to make different types of jars,plates, mugs and other pottery
Conclusion- the Neolithic age of Burzahom is important and it takes a very important place in the history south asia the peoples of Burzahom are very intelligent they know how to face the nature because is very cold area and they made dwelling pits and they know the art of pot making they buried dead bodies and they believe in the life after death that’s why they put so many things in the burial .The painting of hunting shows how they hunt different types of animal and they carry there dogs with them. They uses so many tools made by bone and stone .
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